The first data on occurrence of cities on the Pyrenees concern to XI century B.C., when the Phoenicians have based a colony near to modern Cadiz. Later there were Greek seafarers, however thorough research and colonization of peninsula have begun about second half of III century B.C., when Carthago army has subordinated to itself the most part of territory of modern Spain. Nearby 228 year B. C. Carthago people have based Barcelona and Cartagena. In 209 year B.C. as a result of defeat in the second Punic war Carthago people have been compelled to leave peninsula. Since then and up to end of V century Spain remained under authority of Roman empire. In the beginning of V century tribes of westgots came on peninsula and by the end of century practically its all territory was in their possession. In 711 Berber army was forwarded through strait of Gibraltar and within several years has completely subordinated to itself peninsula. In the beginning of moors boarding territory was considered as dependent territory of Damask halifat. However Damask caliphs not so closely concerned to a far province, and in 756 powerful independent emirat has arisen on Pyrenees, developed later in Cordoba halifat. During moors boarding the country has reached the highest blossoming and was the most developed country of Europe of that time. In 1212 Christian kings have begun approach on moors possession and have grasped the most part of territory except for the kingdom Granada which have existed up to 1492. Up to the end XV century Spain consisted actually of two independent states: Castile in the west and Aragon in the east. In 1469 as a result of marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand V of Aragon rapproachement of the states though before their association it was still far has begun. Spain that time has reached blossoming in the beginning of XVI century with opening America and purchase of the richest colonies. However to the beginning of a century the country has started to lose the authority. After the war for independence against Napoleon Spain has lost practically all colonies in Southern and Central America. In the end of a century as a result of revolution it has been proclaimed the republic in Spain, existed the little more than one and a half years. In the beginning of XX century after l World War as a result of a military revolution in the country the military mode was established. In 1931 the Second Republic has been proclaimed. It existed till April, 1st, 1939 and has fallen after three-year civil war, ended by the victory of profascist general Fransisko Franko. After that within more than 35 years in Spain there was a dictatorial mode. Only after Fransisko Franko’s death on November, 20th, 1975 democracy has started to revive in the country. Spain is a member of the United Nations and all specialized agencies of this organization, NATO, EU, the Organizations of economic cooperation and development. A state system: The Head of the state — the monarch.
The head of the government — the Prime Minister. |
